World Development Report 2002 or Strategic Public Diplomacy and American Foreign Policy

World Development Report 2002: Building Institutions for Markets

Author: World Bank

This report is about building institutions that support markets which promote growth and reduce poverty. It analyzes the myriad of institutions--formal and informal, public and private--that people build and use to undertake activities that maximize returns and to manage risk in markets. These institutions range from unwritten customs and traditions to complex legal codes that regulate international commerce on the cutting edge of technology. Some developing countries have been able to harness such market-supporting institutions to improve the welfare of their people, but others have not yet achieved the same degree of success. Drawing on a wealth of research and experience from inside and outside the World Bank, this 23rd edition of the World Development Report moves toward a deeper understanding of market-supporting institutions and a better appreciation of how people can build such institutions.
Building Institutions for Markets takes a two-step approach to institutional development. First, it contends that what is critical is focusing on the functions that market-supporting institutions provide and how they provide it rather than on particular structures. Looking at institutions in terms of the functions they provide rather than in terms of their structures helps identify institutional gaps. Second, after identifying the institutional gap, the next step is to build the needed institution. The report goes beyond the recognition that one size does not fit all to develop an understanding of how to think about designing effective institutions in a particular context.
Building Institutions for Markets includes Selected World Development Indicators, an essential reference onrecent trends in development. Altogether, the report offers valuable insights and vital guidance for policymakers, researchers, and anyone with an interest in development.

Interesting textbook: Phase 2 Low Carb Recipes or Yoga in Modern India the Body between Science and Philosophy

Strategic Public Diplomacy and American Foreign Policy: The Evolution of Influence

Author: Jarol B Manheim

Strategic public diplomacy, once commonly called propaganda, has existed since the twelfth century, when Richard I, crusading sovereign of England, plucked the eyes from his prisoners and returned them to his arch-rival Saladin--an unmistakable message intended to mold the image that Richard's foreign enemies had of him. Although their methods have grown more sophisticated and gentrified since the Middle Ages, the goal of governments employing strategic public diplomacy has remained essentially the same: to influence public or elite opinion in a foreign country for the purpose of turning the foreign policy of the target country to advantage.

The first systematic analysis of the growing foreign public relations industry in the U.S., this remarkable text traces the impact that the political "image management" of other nations has had on the American foreign policy agenda. Documenting the evolution of these campaigns in both scale and sophistication, this book includes an analysis of the Justice Department's foreign agent registration records, numerous interviews with journalists, consultants, and key government officials, and a systematic assessment of media content to gauge the effectiveness of these attempts at news management. The author presents and tests elements of a general model of agenda-related communication effects, presenting case studies that illustrate the extent to which the American media are saturated with foreign diplomatic messages, including the recent effort of the Kuwaiti government-in-exile to influence public opinion in the U.S. during the Gulf War, and concludes with an inventory and discussion of the issues raised by the "export" of the knowledge-base andskills underlying new, sophisticated communication strategies now being employed on behalf of foreign interests. Based on fifteen years of exhaustive research, this book is ideal for courses in foreign policy, media, and politics.

Table of Contents:

1	Propaganda in the Age of Strategic Communication	3
2	The New "Diplomats": A Growth Industry	14
3	Image Management: The Real "Smart Weapon" of the Gulf Conflict	39
4	Coming to America: Head-of-State Visits as Public Diplomacy	61
5	What's in a Word?: "Democracy" and U.S. Foreign Policy	83
6	Rites of Passage: Mega-Events as Public Diplomacy	102
7	Managing National Images	125
8	Agenda Dynamics and External Influence on U.S. Foreign Policymaking	148
9	The Evolution of Influence	158
	Appendix A: Selected Figures	173
	Appendix B: Controlling for Regression Toward the Mean	179
	Appendix C: Persons Interviewed	181
	Notes	185
	Bibliography	191
	Index	203